High-Capacity Prussian White (NaₓFe[Fe(CN)₆]) Cathode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries
1. Introduction
Prussian White (PW, NaₓFe[Fe(CN)₆]) is a low-cost, high-capacity cathode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). As a derivative of Prussian blue analogs (PBAs), it leverages an open framework structure with fast Na⁺ diffusion and excellent structural stability, making it ideal for large-scale energy storage systems.
2. Key Features
- Chemical Formula: NaₓFe[Fe(CN)₆] (typically 1.6 ≤ x ≤ 2.0 for full Na⁺ insertion)
- Crystal System: Cubic (Fm-3m space group)
- Framework: Open 3D channels enable rapid Na⁺ migration (10⁻¹⁰–10⁻¹¹ cm²/s diffusion coefficient).
3. Technical Specifications & Test Data
No. |
Item |
Requirement |
Test Method |
Result |
1 |
Packaging |
Sealed container |
Visual inspection |
Compliant |
2 |
Appearance |
Light gray-white powder, free of impurities, agglomeration, or large particles |
Visual inspection |
Compliant |
3 |
D10 (μm) |
0.39 |
Laser particle analyzer |
Compliant |
4 |
D50 (μm) |
0.80 |
Laser particle analyzer |
Compliant |
5 |
D90 (μm) |
1.6 |
Laser particle analyzer |
Compliant |
6 |
Tap Density (g/cm³) |
0.6 |
Tap density tester |
0.8 |
7 |
Specific Surface Area (m²/g) |
6.25 |
BET nitrogen adsorption |
6.41 |
8 |
Na Content (%) |
27±1% |
ICP-OES |
27.7% |
9 |
Fe+Mn Content (%) |
55±1% |
ICP-OES |
55.2% |
11 |
Specific Capacity (mAh/g) |
158 |
Coin cell half-cell test |
145 |
12 |
SEM |
3,000× magnification |
Provided during R&D phase |
Compliant |
4. Material Advantages
✅ Ultra-Low Cost: Iron/cyanide-based precursors reduce raw material expenses by ~60% vs. layered oxides.
✅ High Safety: Strong Fe-C≡N bonds suppress thermal runaway risks.
✅ Scalable Synthesis: Simple co-precipitation process (room temperature, aqueous solutions).